Who invented Safaricom's M-Pesa and the secret behind its invention

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M-Pesa (mobile money transfer service) was invented and conceived by Nick Hughes, a Vodafone executive (then Head of Social Enterprise and later associated with global payments).

The idea initiated around 2003, when Hughes proposed using mobile phones (via SMS) to deliver financial services, particularly targeting microfinance and the unbanked in developing markets like Kenya.

He secured funding from the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID) through a competition, that supported a pilot in 2005.

Vodafone partnered with Safaricom (its Kenyan affiliate) to develop and launch it.

A pilot began in October 2005, initially focused on microloan disbursements and repayments (e.g., with Faulu Kenya), but user behavior shifted it toward general peer-to-peer transfers and payments.

The full commercial launch occurred on March 6/7, 2007, by Safaricom (with Vodafone's backing).

Susie Lonie played a key implementation role as the project lead in Kenya during the pilot phase, and Michael Joseph (then Safaricom CEO) championed its rollout locally—often calling herself the "mother" of M-Pesa while crediting Hughes as the "father."

There have been various claims over the years (e.g from individuals in Kenya alleging the idea was stolen), but reliable sources—including Safaricom's own admissions, Vodafone reflections, and statements from Michael Joseph and others—consistently point to Nick Hughes as the originator of the core concept that became M-Pesa.

It's best seen as a collaborative corporate innovation (Vodafone + Safaricom), not a solo personal invention, but Hughes is widely recognized as the key visionary behind it. 

The service revolutionized financial inclusion and has since expanded massively across Africa and beyond.

In summary, m-Pesa was developed by Vodafone and launched in 2007 in Kenya by Safaricom, a subsidiary of Vodafone. The idea was conceptualized by Nick Hughes and Susan S. Mboya, with technical development led by S. M. R. Development teams in the UK and Kenya.

The core concept was to enable microfinance loan repayments via mobile phones. However, it quickly evolved into a broader mobile money platform, allowing users to send, save, and withdraw money.

Key players in M-Pesa's development include:

1. Nick Hughes: Ex-Vodafone employee and initial project lead

2. Susan S. Mboya: Key figure in adapting the service for the Kenyan market

3. Safaricom: Implemented and marketed M-Pesa in Kenya

M-Pesa has revolutionized financial inclusion in Kenya and expanded across Africa.


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